Broom corn (Sorghum bicolor var. technicum) is not actually a true corn, but rather a type of sorghum that is cultivated for its long, decorative seed heads. Traditionally, broom corn has been used to make brooms, as the long, stiff fibers of its seed heads are ideal for sweeping. However, broom corn can also be grown for purely ornamental purposes, as its vibrant seed heads add a unique and eye-catching element to any garden.
If you’re interested in growing broom corn from seeds, here’s a simple guide to get you started.
Step 1: Gathering the Materials
Before you begin planting broom corn seeds, gather all the necessary materials. You will need well-draining soil, compost or organic matter for enriching the soil, broom corn seeds, a garden trowel for digging holes, a watering can or garden hose for watering, and organic fertilizer (optional) for promoting healthy growth.
Preparing the Soil
Before planting broom corn seeds, it is important to prepare the soil properly to provide the best growing conditions for the crop. Here are the steps to follow:
1. Choose a suitable location
Select an area in your garden or field that offers full sunlight and has well-draining soil. Broom corn thrives in warm climates, so ensure the chosen location receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day.
2. Clear the area
Remove any plants, weeds, or grass from the area where you plan to plant broom corn. Use a rake or hoe to clear the space effectively.
3. Test the soil
Check the soil pH and nutrient levels before planting. Broom corn prefers a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. Conduct a soil test using a home testing kit or send a sample to a soil testing laboratory for accurate results.
4. Amend the soil
If the soil pH is not within the recommended range, adjust it by adding lime to raise the pH or sulfur to lower it. Incorporate organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure to improve the soil’s structure and fertility. Work the amendments into the soil using a garden fork or tiller.
5. Remove rocks and debris
Take the time to remove any rocks, sticks, or other debris from the soil surface. Broom corn seeds need direct contact with the soil for germination, and removing obstacles will ensure proper planting.
6. Create rows or beds
Consider the planting method you will use for broom corn. Depending on the space available, you can create traditional rows or raised beds. Use a hoe or rake to make furrows for rows or shape beds, leaving enough space between each row or bed for proper growth and maintenance.
7. Loosen the soil
Before sowing broom corn seeds, loosen the soil to a depth of about 6 inches. This will provide a loose and friable soil texture, allowing the roots to penetrate easily and obtain nutrients efficiently.
By following these steps and adequately preparing the soil, you will provide broom corn seeds with the ideal growing conditions, leading to healthy plants and a successful harvest.
Choosing the Right Location
When planting broom corn seeds, it is important to choose the right location to ensure optimal growth and a bountiful harvest. Here are some factors to consider when selecting a location:
1. Sunlight
Broom corn plants require full sunlight to thrive. Choose a location that receives at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight per day. Avoid planting them in shaded or partially shaded areas as this can result in weak and spindly growth.
2. Soil Quality
Ensure that the soil in the chosen location is well-draining and fertile. Broom corn plants prefer loamy or sandy soil with a pH level between 6.0 and 7.5. Conducting a soil test can help determine the soil’s nutrient content and pH level, enabling you to make any necessary amendments prior to planting.
Pro Tip: Adding organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, to the soil can improve its structure and nutrient content, promoting healthy growth.
3. Water Availability
Broom corn plants require regular watering to establish strong roots and promote proper growth. Choose a location that allows easy access to a water source, as the plants will need consistent moisture throughout the growing season.
Caution: Avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
By considering these factors when choosing a location for your broom corn seeds, you can create the ideal conditions for successful growth and a plentiful yield.
Sowing the Seeds
Once you have prepared the soil and selected a suitable location for planting your broom corn, it’s time to sow the seeds. Broom corn is typically sown directly into the ground, similar to other types of corn.
Here are the steps to sow broom corn seeds:
| Step 1: | Make sure the soil is well-drained and has been loosened to a depth of at least 6 inches. Remove any weeds or debris from the area. |
| Step 2: | Using a garden hoe or rake, create furrows in the soil that are about 1 inch deep and spaced at least 12 inches apart. This will provide enough space for the broom corn plants to grow. |
| Step 3: | Place the broom corn seeds in the furrows, spacing them approximately 4 inches apart. Avoid overcrowding the seeds, as this can inhibit their growth. |
| Step 4: | Once the seeds are in place, cover them with soil, gently pressing it down to ensure good seed-to-soil contact. Water the area lightly to help the seeds settle in. |
| Step 5: | Continue to water the planted area regularly, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged. Broom corn seeds typically germinate within 7 to 10 days. |
Remember to keep an eye out for any weeds that may sprout alongside your broom corn plants. Regular weeding and mulching can help keep the area weed-free and promote healthy broom corn growth.
Providing Proper Watering
Proper watering is essential for the successful growth of broom corn plants. It is important to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. To water the plants, use a gentle stream of water to avoid disturbing the seeds or young plants. Be sure to water the plants at the base, rather than getting the foliage wet, as this can lead to disease.
During the initial stages of growth, water the plants regularly to establish a healthy root system. Once the plants are established, reduce the frequency of watering but increase the amount of water given each time. This will encourage the plants to develop deeper roots, providing them with a sturdy foundation.
Monitor the soil moisture levels regularly by checking the top few inches of soil. If it feels dry, it’s time to water the plants. Remember to adjust the watering schedule based on the weather conditions. In hot and dry periods, the plants may require more frequent watering.
Avoid overwatering, as it can lead to root rot and other diseases. Ensure that the soil drains well and doesn’t retain excess water. If the soil becomes waterlogged, consider improving drainage by adding organic matter or amending the soil with sand or perlite.
By providing proper watering and monitoring the soil moisture levels, you can help your broom corn plants thrive and produce healthy and vibrant stalks.
Caring for the Plants
Once your broom corn seeds have germinated and sprouted, it’s time to start caring for your plants. Here are some important steps to follow:
Watering
Water your broom corn plants regularly, especially during dry spells. Aim to keep the soil consistently moist, but be careful not to overwater, as this can lead to root rot. Water deeply and thoroughly, making sure the water reaches the roots.
Fertilizing
Apply a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer to your broom corn plants approximately once a month during the growing season. This will help promote healthy growth and vibrant foliage. Follow the instructions on the fertilizer packaging for the correct application rates.
Weeding
Keep the area around your broom corn plants free from weeds, as they can compete for nutrients and water. Regularly remove any weeds that appear near the plants to prevent them from overtaking your broom corn crop.
Pest Control
Monitor your broom corn plants for any signs of pests, such as aphids or corn earworms. If you notice any pests, take appropriate measures to control them. This can include using natural insecticides or employing beneficial insects, such as ladybugs, to eat the pests.
Additionally, inspect your plants regularly for any signs of disease, such as leaf spots or fungal infections. If necessary, treat your plants with appropriate fungicides to prevent the spread of disease.
Remember to always follow the instructions on any pest control or disease management products.
By following these care tips, you can ensure that your broom corn plants stay healthy and vibrant throughout the growing season, leading to a successful harvest of beautiful broom corn.
Harvesting and Storing Broom Corn
Harvesting broom corn is an important step in the process of growing your own brooms. Here are the steps to follow:
- Timing: Broom corn is ready to harvest when the seedheads are fully matured and the bristles have hardened. This usually occurs around 100-120 days after planting.
- Cutting: Use a sharp scythe or sickle to cut the broom corn stalks near the base. Make sure to leave a sufficient length of stalk attached to the seedhead.
- Bundling: Gather a few stalks together and tie them tightly with a string or twine. Aim for small bundles that are easy to handle.
- Drying: Hang the bundles upside down in a well-ventilated area, such as a barn or shed. Make sure they are protected from rain or excessive moisture. Leave them to dry for several weeks until the seedheads are completely dry and the bristles are stiff.
- Threshing: Once dry, gently strike the seedheads against a hard surface to separate the seeds from the bristles. You can also use your hands to rub the seedheads and loosen the seeds.
- Winnowing: To remove any remaining debris or chaff, pour the mixture of seeds and bristles from one container to another while allowing a slight breeze to blow away the lightweight chaff.
- Storage: Store the clean broom corn seeds in airtight containers, such as glass jars or plastic bags, in a cool and dry place. Make sure to label the containers with the date of harvest.
Proper harvesting and storage techniques will ensure that your broom corn seeds remain viable and ready for future use in making beautiful and functional brooms.
