The phrase “call a spade” is a commonly used expression that typically means to speak bluntly or honestly about something, without trying to hide the truth or sugarcoat it. It is often used when someone wants to encourage directness or clarity in communication.
This phrase originated from the playing card game, specifically the game of bridge. In bridge, players use a deck of cards that includes a suit called “spades.” The term “call” in this context refers to making a bid or naming the trump suit (the suit that outranks all others for the duration of the hand).
The phrase “call a spade” comes from the common practice in bridge of accurately and directly naming each suit when it is your turn to bid. Since the spades suit is usually the highest-ranked suit, it is often referred to as “calling a spade” when a player announces their intention to use spades as the trump suit.
Over time, the phrase “call a spade” has evolved beyond the game of bridge to become a metaphor for speaking honestly and straightforwardly. It is often used to encourage open and direct communication, without any attempt to obscure or soften the truth.
Origins of the phrase “call a spade”
The origins of the phrase “call a spade” can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome. In these civilizations, the term “spade” was used to refer to a type of shovel or digging tool. However, it was also used metaphorically to describe a person who was straightforward and honest, much like the tool itself.
Over time, the phrase “call a spade” evolved to mean speaking plainly or directly, without using euphemisms or beating around the bush. It became associated with the act of being honest and straightforward in one’s words and actions.
In the Middle Ages, the phrase gained further popularity and was often used in literature and plays. One notable example is in William Shakespeare’s play “Richard III,” where the character Richard uses the phrase to emphasize his brutal and direct nature.
Connection to the playing card
The phrase “call a spade” also has a connection to the playing card known as the spade. In a deck of cards, the spade is typically depicted as a stylized shovel or sword-like shape. The association of the spade card with death, war, and the military has led to the phrase “call a spade” being used to describe someone who is blunt or harsh in their language or actions.
It is important to note that while the phrase “call a spade” has historical origins and a metaphorical connection to the playing card, it is essential to use it responsibly and with respect to avoid unintended offense or racial implications.
Fighting against racist connotations
It is worth mentioning that the phrase “call a spade a spade” has been used in a derogatory and racist manner throughout history. The racial undertones associated with the phrase are linked to the derogatory term “spade” being used as a racial slur against Black people.
To avoid any misunderstanding or perpetuation of racist language, it is crucial to be aware of the context in which the phrase is used. It is recommended to substitute the phrase with alternative terms that convey the same meaning without potential racial implications.
| Summary | Origins of the phrase “call a spade” |
|---|---|
| Origin | Ancient Greece and Rome |
| Meaning | Speaking plainly or directly |
| Connection | Playing card spade |
| Racist connotations | Derogatory term for Black people |
Historical background
The phrase “call a spade a spade” has its origins in ancient Greece. It can be traced back to a phrase used by the Greek philosopher Diogenes of Sinope in the 4th century B.C. Diogenes was known for his blunt and straightforward approach to life and language.
The phrase was later translated into Latin as “call a fig a fig and a trough a trough,” which was a more direct translation of the Greek phrase. However, in English, the phrase eventually evolved to its current form: “call a spade a spade.”
In early English literature, the phrase “call a spade a spade” was used to describe someone who spoke plainly and honestly, without using euphemisms or sugarcoating their words. It was a way to praise someone for their straightforwardness and honesty.
Over time, the meaning of the phrase shifted slightly, and it began to be used to describe someone who spoke bluntly, often to the point of being offensive or rude.
Today, the phrase “call a spade a spade” is commonly used to encourage people to be honest and straightforward in their language and actions, without fear of offending others or being overly politically correct.
Ancient Origins
The phrase “call a spade” has ancient origins and can be traced back to the classical Greek era. In ancient Greece, the metaphorical use of the word “spade” was common, representing a blunt and straightforward tool. This association between the tool and directness of speech has persisted throughout history.
During the Roman Empire, the expression “spade” was adopted by the Latin language, where it took the form of “spata.” The Romans used the metaphor in various contexts to indicate plain, unambiguous, and truthful speech. This connection between the tool and straightforward language continued to be prevalent during the Middle Ages.
As time went on, the phrase evolved and transformed across different regions and languages. In English, “call a spade a spade” became a popular idiom in the 16th century. It gained traction due to its clear and unambiguous meaning. The expression was used to encourage people to speak honestly and directly, without sugarcoating or euphemisms.
Shakespeare’s Influence
William Shakespeare, one of the most influential playwrights in English literature, further popularized the phrase. He used variations of the expression in his plays, such as in “Twelfth Night” and “Richard III,” reinforcing its familiarity and cultural significance.
The enduring popularity of Shakespeare’s works ensured that the phrase remained firmly embedded in the English language and passed down through generations.
Modern Usage
Today, “call a spade” is still used as a colloquial expression to encourage directness, honesty, and plain-speaking. It is often employed to emphasize the importance of speaking frankly and stating things as they are, without unnecessary embellishment or circumlocution.
In a society where politeness often reigns supreme, the phrase serves as a reminder to be straightforward and unambiguous, even if it may be uncomfortable or unpopular.
Despite its ancient origins, the metaphorical use of “call a spade” continues to resonate in contemporary conversation, highlighting the enduring power of language and its ability to convey timeless truths.
Shakespeare’s Influence
William Shakespeare, often considered the greatest playwright in the English language, has had a profound influence on the development of the English language and literature. His works, such as “Romeo and Juliet,” “Hamlet,” and “Macbeth,” are not only known for their captivating stories and memorable characters but also for their use of language and expressions that have become an integral part of everyday English.
Introduction of New Words and Phrases
Shakespeare is believed to have introduced over 1,700 new words and phrases to the English language. Many of these words and phrases are still in use today, demonstrating the enduring impact of his works. Examples include “eyeball,” “lonely,” “puking,” “swagger,” and “bedazzled.” Shakespeare’s inventions have enriched the English vocabulary and added depth and nuance to the language.
Idioms and Expressions
Shakespeare’s plays are also a treasure trove of idioms and expressions that have become part of everyday speech. His characters’ witty remarks and clever wordplay have captured the imagination of generations and continue to be quoted and referenced today. Expressions such as “break the ice,” “all’s well that ends well,” “wild-goose chase,” and “the world’s mine oyster” originated from Shakespeare’s works.
| Shakespearean Phrase | Meaning |
|---|---|
| For goodness’ sake | As an exclamation, used to emphasize a request or plea |
| In a pickle | In a difficult or troublesome situation |
| Love is blind | Love does not see faults or flaws |
| Star-crossed lovers | Refers to lovers whose relationship is doomed or destined for tragedy |
The influence of Shakespeare’s idioms and expressions extends beyond the English language. Many of his phrases have been translated and adapted into other languages, highlighting the universal appeal and enduring relevance of his words.
In conclusion, Shakespeare’s influence on the English language and literary world cannot be overstated. His contributions, including the introduction of new words and phrases and the creation of enduring idioms and expressions, have shaped the way we communicate and continue to be celebrated and appreciated centuries after his death.
Modern usage
In modern usage, the phrase “call a spade a spade” continues to carry its original connotation of speaking straightforwardly and honestly. It is often used when someone is being blunt or direct in their speech, without sugarcoating or avoiding uncomfortable truths.
However, it is important to note that the phrase can also be considered offensive or derogatory due to its historical association with racial slurs. Some argue that it perpetuates harmful stereotypes and should be avoided in favor of more inclusive language.
Despite this controversy, the phrase remains widely recognized and used in the English language. It is often employed in casual conversations, media discourse, and even in professional settings to encourage or justify a direct and honest approach to communication.
As language continues to evolve, it is important for individuals to be mindful of the potential implications and sensitivities surrounding certain phrases like “call a spade a spade.” While the phrase may have once innocently meant to call something by its true name, it is now necessary to consider the historical context and potential impact of our words on others.
